Judgment and Decision Making
This is the stage for final deep mental reflection. The nature of knowledge
requires that you possess some humility about the results of your work, even
though you are ready to take action. While you have spent a lost of time and
effort to reach a final decision, you must now change your attitude and suspend
judgment. Do not fall in love with your concluding decision. Watch for other
concepts or trains of thought as you implement your decision.
Dr. Crook's 1958 advice on suspended judgment:
- Stick to your conclusion until it is proven wrong.
- Keep an open mind and be ready to accept new evidence.
- Opinions thought correct today in light of present knowledge may be thought
incorrect tomorrow because of new discoveries or projection of new ideas.
Accounting for Decision Making - the Nature of Science Is to Seek the
Truth
This is often claimed, but it has come to be realized that "the truth" only
means as far as it can be ascertained. Professor Gordon Childe (1936) explained
that a final conclusion means "on the evidence available today, the balance
of probability favors the view that."
Decision Making Problems - Remember Shades of Gray
Things are usually not just yes or no, true or false, or good or bad. Wait
until you have heard or researched all the data before you reach a conclusion.
Don't be misled by the first person's opinion you hear or the first data given
to you. Keep an open mind. Remember the shades of gray principle. Things are
not exact, but vary in degree of probable exactness.
Opposite of Open Mindedness
People with closed minds ignore contrary evidence, possibilities, and may
have biases they can't see or overcome. They often can't see shades of gray
or understand that the truth is seldom obtainable in complex matters.
Future Decision Making - Look Beyond this Decision
You are going to take action on your concluding decision. What happens in
the future after this occurs and takes effect? What is the next problem requiring
a decision?
Don't stick with a wrong or faulty decision because of a closed mind. If,
after you take action, events occur that indicate it is not entirely or partially
correct, take prompt action. Remember, you have suspended judgment and have
foreseen possible trouble.
Decision Making under Uncertainty - Checklist of Possible Troubles after
Making Decisions
Remember Dr. Crook's advice about sticking to your conclusion until proven
wrong as you now advance to Stage 11 - Take Action. However, as a help to
you in keeping an open mind and to trigger your mind, here is a checklist
of things that may occur when making decisions under uncertainty. The probability
of their occurring may be low, but the impact could be great. Remember that
there is always risk in making progress, so don't let them scare you away
from going ahead.
Change resistance
Fact versus opinion confused
Variables not controlled
Data used not correct
Too optimistic or pessimistic
Probability factors wrong
Lack of contingency planning
Didn't fit into system
Biased appraisal of consequences
No plan for irregular operations
Didn't keep up with changes
Poor communications
No spot testing
Poor analyses
No skepticism
Action avoided
Faulty design
Interpretation wrong
No experimenting
No screening
Wrong process used
Errors or sloppiness
Inadequate search
Misjudgments
Quick fixes fail
Faulty assumptions
Misleading information
Inadequate training |
Irrelevant thinking
Theft, fraud, or greed
Misplaced blame
Not invented here attitude
Pride, jealousy, ambition
Nepotism
Refuse to work together
Anger or emotional response
Stress or fear interferes
Personal consequences
Denials or lies
Responsibilities neglected
Interpersonal conflicts
Relationships go sour
Cost/benefit changes
Product failure
Crisis mishandled
Lack of time
Implementation faulty
System breakdown
Hidden errors
Control problems
Wrong classifications
Incomplete reporting
Change in material cost
Mechanical or instrument failure
Short of supplies |
Medical error
Diseases or wrong diagnosis
Murders or kidnappings
Terrorism or explosions
Competitors' counteractions
Death of key person
Legal problems
Foreign affairs troubles
Transportation delays
Unfavorable trends
Technology problems
Safety problems
Company policies or bureaucracy
Fads occur
Water problems
Energy supply or cost
Bankruptcies or financial problem
Accident or fire
Strike or labor problems
Weather or environmental problems
Media problems
Intoxication or drugs
Public policies
Religion problems
Multiple causes
Math or measurement error
Social problem |
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